印尼贯穿流源区马鲁古海和哈马黑拉海水团来源的气候态分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王露  谢玲玲  周磊  李强  石雨鑫  李明明 《海洋学报》2018,40(3):1-15

本文利用World Ocean Atlas 2013（WOA2013）气候态的温盐资料和the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA v3.3.1）流场数据，分析印尼贯穿流东部源区马鲁古海和哈马黑拉海的水团垂向分布特征及其来源，特别是次表层、中层及深层水的来源和路径。结果表明，气候态下，马鲁古海次表层的高温高盐水来自于北太平洋，与北太平洋热带水性质接近，哈马黑拉海次表层主要是来自南太平洋热带水；中层水以低温低盐为特征，马鲁古海的中层水来自南太平洋，受南极中层水控制，哈马黑拉海的中层水可能是从马鲁古海而来的南太平洋水；对于次表层和中层之间的过渡层，马鲁古海与哈马黑拉海的水源为南、北太平洋的混合水，且两个海域之间也存在着水团交换；在深层，马鲁古海的水源更倾向于班达海北部及塞兰海，而与太平洋水无关，哈马黑拉海由于地形阻挡也难以与太平洋直接发生水团交换。  相似文献   

东海海域典型赤潮水体反射光谱模拟研究     

何烁  楼绣林  史爱琴  厉冬玲  王隽  张华国 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):525-531

东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)是我国东海海域的典型赤潮藻种,其在水体中通常呈垂直非均匀分布,并存在季节性和日内的垂直迁移现象。本文通过量化垂直迁移过程中东海原甲藻的分布状态,利用Hydrolight软件数值模拟各状态下的水体反射光谱,研究其光谱特征和变化规律。利用叶绿素浓度高斯垂向模型表征东海原甲藻在水体中的垂直分布,结合东海近岸海域二类水体的生物光学模型,模拟得到垂直迁移过程中东海原甲藻赤潮水体的反射光谱。对比分析叶绿素浓度垂向分布参数(背景叶绿素浓度、甲藻主体水层厚度、水体总生物量和叶绿素浓度峰值深度)对水体反射光谱的影响。研究结果表明,在东海原甲藻从次表层向表层垂直向上迁移过程中,水体反射光谱数值在蓝绿波段(400—570nm)减小,在黄红波段(570—720nm)增大,特别是在叶绿素荧光效应波段(680nm)处的变化尤为明显。  相似文献   

昼夜垂直移动对黄海中南部小黄鱼可捕系数的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

关丽莎  单秀娟  金显仕  陈云龙  杨涛  吴强 《海洋学报》2018,40(2):53-60

鱼类的昼夜垂直移动是影响渔业资源调查可捕系数的重要因素之一，对调查获得的各种渔获物资源量指数（abundance index，AI）进行校正，对优化估计物种的空间分布和资源量估算有重要作用。本文以黄海中南部小黄鱼为例，利用2006-2009年和2011年黄海秋季底拖网渔业资源调查数据，应用地理统计二阶广义线性混合模型，量化了昼夜时段对黄海中南部小黄鱼AI的影响。不同昼夜时段对AI的随机效应系数表明，在黄海中南部秋季渔业资源调查中，底拖网对小黄鱼的可捕系数存在明显的昼夜变化:在午夜23点到凌晨3点间，可捕系数最低；凌晨3点后，可捕系数逐渐增大，直至9点达到峰值；在中午10点至下午16点，可捕系数小幅度降低后保持相对稳定，随后急剧下降；傍晚19点以后，可捕系数处于相对较低水平，直至午夜23点后降至最低水平。本研究通过地理统计二阶广义线性混合模型，去除了昼夜垂直移动对小黄鱼可捕系数的影响，预测的小黄鱼空间密度分布与其AI实际观测值以及渔场空间格局基本一致。另外，模型估计的2006-2009年和2011年秋季黄海中南部小黄鱼的总资源量指数相对扫海面积法的估计值精确度更高，且其变动趋势与黄海中南部沿岸两省（山东和江苏）小黄鱼次年总渔获量的变动情况一致。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations of overland flow during rainfall events and in relation to catchment conditions     

C. M. Orchard  S. A. Lorentz  G. P. W. Jewitt  V. A. M. Chaplot 《水文研究》2013,27(16):2325-2338

Improved knowledge on overland flow (OF) generation and its dynamics (i.e. spatial and temporal variations) is essential to understand catchment hydrology, a prerequisite for better water resources and soil management. In this study, our main objective was to quantify the dynamics of OF during rainfall events and to assess its main factors of control. The research study was undertaken in an agricultural 23‐ha catchment of a communal pasture in KwaZulu‐Natal (South Africa) experiencing Mediterranean climate and with variations of soil, topography and vegetation conditions. The dynamics of OF was evaluated during three rainfall seasons (2007 to 2010) by using 1 × 1‐m² microplots (n = 15) located at five landscape positions. At each location, a microplot was equipped with an automatic tipping bucket linked to a logger to estimate the delay between the start of the rain and the start of OF [i.e. the time to runoff initiation (TRI)]. Multivariate analysis was applied to the total OF and TRI data and the information on selected environmental factors (rainfall characteristics; soil type; soil clay content, Clay; proportion of the soil surface covered by vegetation, Cov; proportion of the soil surface covered by crusting, Crust; mean slope gradient, S; soil bulk density, ρ_b; soil water tension at different depths, SWT). The average OF rate over the 3‐year study period varied 2.3‐fold across the catchment (from 15% footslope to 35% backslope), whereas the average TRI varied by a 10.6‐fold factor (between 0.6 min at bottomland and 6.4 min at footslope). TRI temporal variations correlated the most with event duration (r = 0.8) and cumulative amount of rainfall since the onset of the rainy season (r = ?0.47), whereas TRI spatial variations were controlled the most by Crust (?0.97 < r < ?0.77). Ultimately, TRI spatial variations were modelled and mapped in an attempt to model OF dynamics over the entire microcatchment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of piled raft with nodular pile subjected to vertical load using a Winkler model approach          下载免费PDF全文

Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(13):1863-1889

An investigation is made to present analytical solutions provided by a Winkler model approach for analysis of piled rafts with nodular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils. The vertical stiffness coefficient along a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from the displacement given by the Mindlin solution for elastic continuum analysis. The vertical stiffness coefficients for the bases of the raft and the nodular part in the nodular pile in a soil are expressed by the Muki solution for the 3‐D elastic analysis. The relationship between settlement and vertical load on the pile base is presented considering the Mindlin solution and the equivalent thickness in the equivalent elastic method. The interaction factor between the shaft of the nodular pile and the soil is expressed taking into account the Mindlin solution and the equivalent elastic modulus. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is obtained by using the recurrence equation of influence factors of the pile for each layer. The percentage of each load carried by both nodular pile and raft subjected to vertical load is represented through the vertical influence factors proposed here. Comparison of the results calculated by the present method for piled rafts with nodular piles in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the finite element method and a field test. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

火灾中集装箱船剩余极限强度研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

付丹文  王德禹 《海洋工程》2018,36(1):83-90

采用ISO规定的火灾的标准温度—时间曲线建立船体结构的火灾模型。基于能量守恒原理建立热传导微分方程,计算热传导、对流和辐射对结构温度分布的影响。考虑火灾发生位置的差异性,分析得到着火区域的温度场。根据高温下钢材的力学性能,针对火灾发生位置的不同,利用非线性有限元方法,分析火灾对集装箱船剩余弯曲极限强度(中拱、中垂)的影响。结果表明,集装箱船不同位置发生火灾时,对船体结构极限强度的影响具有显著差异。船舱某一位置发生火灾时,对船体梁中拱和中垂极限强度的影响也分别不同。对集装箱船火灾的瞬态分析结果表明,火灾对船体梁极限强度的衰减作用主要发生在火灾发展过程中的前期,船体梁极限强度的衰减速度随火灾发展的时间逐渐减慢。  相似文献   

The characteristics of sea fog with different airflow over the Huanghai Sea in boreal spring   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

HUANG Jian  WANG Xin  ZHOU Wen  HUANG Huijun  WANG Dongxiao  ZHOU Faxiu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):3-12

Using the observations from ICOADS datasets and contemporaneous NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets during 1960-2002, the study classifies the airflows in favor of sea fog over the Huanghai (Yellow) Sea in boreal spring (April-May) with the method of trajectory analysis, and analyzes the changes of proportions of warm and cold sea fogs along different paths of airflow. According to the heat balance equation, we investigate the relationships between the marine meteorological conditions and the proportion of warm and cold sea fog along different airflow paths. The major results are summarized as follows. (1) Sea fogs over the Huanghai Sea in spring are not only warm fog but also cold fog. The proportion of warm fog only accounts for 44% in April, while increases as high as 57% in May. (2) Four primary airflow paths leading to spring sea fog are identified. They are originated from the northwest, east, southeast and southwest of the Huanghai Sea, respectively. The occurrence ratios of the warm sea fog along the east and southeast airflow paths are high of 55% and 70%, while these along the southwest and northwest airflow paths are merely 17.9% and 50%. (3) The key physical processes governing the warm/cold sea fog are heat advection transport, longwave radiation cooling at fog top, solar shortwave warming and latent heat flux between airsea interfaces. (4) The characteristics of sea fog along the four airflow paths relate closely to the conditions of water vapor advection, and the vertical distribution of relative humidity.  相似文献   

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邢乐林  刘冬至  金涛勇  周新 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(2):61-63

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Application of functional data analysis to investigate seasonal progression with interannual variability in plankton abundance in the Bay of Fundy,Canada     

Takayoshi Ikeda  Michael Dowd  Jennifer L. Martin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The statistical technique of functional data analysis (FDA) is applied to a time series analysis of plankton monitoring data. The analysis is focused on revealing patterns in the seasonal cycle to assess interannual variability of several different taxonomic groups of plankton. Cell concentrations of diatom, dinoflagellate and zooplankton abundances from the Bay of Fundy, Canada provide the observations for analysis. FDA was performed on the log-transformed abundance data as a new approach for treating such types of sparse and noisy data. Differences in the seasonal progression were seen, with peak numbers, timings and abundance levels varying for the three groups as determined by curve registration and higher order derivatives using the objectively fit FDA curves. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to capture seasonal variation among years. These results were further assessed in terms of dominant species and the relationships between groups for different seasons and years. It is anticipated that the easy to use, general and flexible technique of FDA could be applied to a wide variety of marine ecological data that are characterized by missing values and non-Gaussian distributions.  相似文献   

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王晓强  路星  刘斌  李杰  刘代芹 《大地测量与地球动力学》2009,29(6):22-27

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